The Double-Headed Eagle – A Symbol of Power in Austria-Hungary
Eagles have long been symbols of power, strength, and dominance. Rulers throughout history have used them to project authority, and they are often referred to as the “kings of the sky.” However, the double-headed eagle of Austria-Hungary is unique—somewhere along the course of history, it grew a second head. While many assume this was a direct reference to the dual monarchy, the origins of this symbol go back much further in time.
The Evolution of the Double-Headed Eagle
The Romans used a single-headed eagle as a symbol of their power, a tradition that continued until the Western Roman Empire collapsed. The remaining Byzantine Empire then added a second head, with one representing spiritual and physical power and the other symbolizing dominance over both the East and West.
Later, the Holy Roman Empire also adopted the eagle as its heraldic symbol, though it initially retained only one head. The double-headed eagle only reappeared in the late Middle Ages, signifying the distinction between royal (königliche) and imperial (kaiserliche) authority.
The Habsburgs and the Double-Headed Eagle
When the Holy Roman Empire dissolved in 1806, the Habsburgs continued to use the emblem for the Austrian Empire, reinforcing their link to the legacy of the Holy Roman Emperors.
By the time the Austro-Hungarian Empire was established in 1867, people commonly interpreted the two heads as representing the Austrian and Hungarian halves of the monarchy—despite the fact that this emblem had been in use long before the dual monarchy even existed.
Today, the double-headed eagle remains an iconic symbol. It is deeply connected to the empire’s imperial history and itslasting influence on Vienna. Speaking of the city’s imperial history, you can learn all about it on our highlights tour. Visit the must see sights in the heart of Vienna and learn more about the Habsburgs.
Another great way to discover the history of imperial Vienna is through its palaces. Explore the winter palace on our Hofburg Palace tour. Or learn about Vienna’s Versailles on our Schönbrunn Palace tour.
